Shared Decision Making (SDM)

"Shared decision making takes place in the consultation and is an interactive process in which patients and professionals collaborate to choose healthcare. Both patient and professional exchange understanding, reasoning about preferences and implement agreed choice".

Reference: Reference: Charles C, Whelan T, Gafni A. What do we mean by partnership in making decisions about treatment? BMJ 1999; 319: 780. doi:10.1136/bmj.319.7212.780.
 

Patient-Reported Outcome (PRO)

"Patient-reported outcome is measurement of any aspect of a patient’s health that comes directly from the patient without interpretation of the patient’s response by a health professional or anyone else."

Reference: US Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for industry: patient-reported outcome measures: use in medical product development to support labeling claims. 2009. Available at: Guidance for Industry: Patient-Reported Outcome Measures:. Accessed 17/09, 2019.

Patient Decision Aids (PtDAs)

"Patient decision aids are resources to help patients make reasoned decisions between two or more healthcare options in the context of their daily life."

Reference: Bekker HL. The loss of reason in patient decision aid research: Do checklists damage the quality of informed choice interventions? Patient Education and Counseling. 2010; 78 (3): 357-364. doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2010.01.002 
 

Patient Partners in Research

"Patient partners in research are people with a lived experience of having, or caring for someone with, an injury, illness or disease who collaborate with a research team across all stages of a study. 'Partner' indicates the active and equal contribution of patient expertise with other stakeholders working with the study team, from problem identification to research dissemination."

Reference: Tscherning SC, Bekker HL, Vedelø TW, Finderup J, Rodkjær LØ. How to engage patient partners in health service research: a scoping review protocol. Res Involv Engagem. 2021 Apr 26; 7 (1): 20
 

Self-Management Support (SMS)

"Self-management support is the assistance caregivers give to patients with chronic disease in order to encourage daily decisions that improve health-related behaviours and clinical outcomes"

Reference: Ahmed N, Ellins J, Krelle H, Lawrie M. Personcentred care: From ideas to action (bringing together the evidence on shared decision making and self-management support). London, England: The Health Foundation. 2014
 

Clinical Decision Support (Systems)

Clinical decision support interventions, help health professionals make evidence-based decisions of relevance to a patient’s need and personal circumstances and can include training, consultation prompts and computerised decision support systems (Bekker in Breckenridge K et al. How to routinely collect data on patient-reported outcome and experience measures in renal registries in Europe: an expert consensus meeting. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 2015 Oct; 30 (10): 1605–1614. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfv209). Computerised Clinical Decision Support Systems (CCDSS) aim to enhance medical decisions with software designed to combine clinical knowledge and evidence with patient characteristics at the point of care, and include interventions such as: computerised clinical knowledge, automated reminders, patient reported outcome reports, electronic records, and diagnostic and risk algorithms.

Reference: Sutton RT, Pincock D, Baumgart DC, Sadowski DC, Fedorak RN, Kroeker KI. An overview of clinical decision support systems: benefits, risks, and strategies for success. NPJ Digit Med. 2020